Ethnologue estimated in its seventeenth edition that Chickasaw retained up to 600 speakers, but noted that this figure was rapidly declining because most speakers are 50 and older. Language offerings for audio tours at the Chickasaw Cultural Center, including Chickasaw, English, and Spanish.Įmily Johnson Dickerson, the last monolingual speaker of Chickasaw, died on December 30, 2013. Resisting European-American settlers encroaching on their territory, they were forced by the US to sell their country in 1832 and move to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) during the era of Indian Removal in the 1830s.Ĭurrent status Chickasaw language stop sign, with Chickasaw word "Hika" ("stop"), in Ada, Oklahoma. The United States considered the Chickasaw one of the Five Civilized Tribes, as they adopted numerous practices of European Americans. That is where they encountered European explorers and traders, having relationships with French, English and Spanish during the colonial years. They would eventually come into contact with Europeans as time passed on and European exploration of their lands took shape. There was a division and specialization in labor done by men who prepared the community for war, hunted for food, and made provisions for the defense of their communities while Chickasaw women tended the home, handled farming and agriculture, and raised the families. A main house and main meeting ground were used to gather groups from the Chickasaw community for ceremonies, celebratory affairs, and to discuss important social, cultural, and political matters. Chickasaw towns and villages were structured to be densely populated as a wartime measure but encompassed larger areas when there was no conflict with enemies. Sometime prior to the first European contact, the Chickasaw migrated from western regions and moved east of the Mississippi River, where they settled mostly in present-day northeast Mississippi. Chickasaw is also related to Alabama, Koasati, Mvskoke (Creek)-Seminole, Hitchiti and Mikasuki. The Chickasaw language was widely spoken until 1970 but has since become an endangered language. The Chickasaw and Choctaw were once one tribe who similarly spoke the Muskogean languages. The Chickasaw Nation has online resources for teaching this language that are of great utility.Ĭhickasaw, Choctaw and Houma form the Western branch of the Muskogean language family. There is indeed growing interest in learning, teaching, and preserving this endangered language. This being said, there are increasingly more accessible resources for teaching, learning, and preserving this and many other Native American languages, as of the year 2021. Due to boarding schools in the 20th century and Chickasaw removal from their homeland in the 19th century, the widespread knowledge about the language and culture amongst the nation has largely decreased. The language is currently spoken by around 50 people, mostly Chickasaw elders who grew up with the language. It is spoken by the Chickasaw tribe, now residing in Southeast Oklahoma, centered on Ada. The language is closely related to, though perhaps not entirely mutually intelligible with, Choctaw. It is agglutinative and follows the word order pattern of subject–object–verb (SOV). The Chickasaw language ( Chikashshanompaꞌ, IPA: ) is a Native American language of the Muskogean family. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Distribution of Native American languages in Oklahoma
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